DBMS > Derby vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Ingres vs. Snowflake

System Properties Comparison Derby vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Ingres vs. Snowflake

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.

Well established RDBMS

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.60
Rank	#70	Overall
	#38	Relational DBMS

Score	1.53
Rank	#152	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	3.15
Rank	#95	Overall
	#14	Key-value stores
	#8	Wide column stores

Score	3.80
Rank	#82	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	130.36
Rank	#8	Overall
	#5	Relational DBMS

Website

db.apache.org/derby

dgraph.io

cloud.google.com/bigtable

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.snowflake.com

Technical documentation

db.apache.org/derby/manuals/index.html

dgraph.io/docs

cloud.google.com/bigtable/docs

docs.actian.com/ingres

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Google

Actian Corporation

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Initial release

1997

2016

2015

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2014

Current release

10.17.1.0, November 2023

11.2, May 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

Java

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures

yes

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

Synchronous replication via Raft

Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zones

Ingres Replicator

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomic single-row operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Planned for future releases

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

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