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DBMS > Datomic vs. Lovefield vs. NebulaGraph vs. openGauss vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. Lovefield vs. NebulaGraph vs. openGauss vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonopenGauss  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSAn enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with high-performance, high-availability and high-performance originally developed by HuaweiVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score2.14
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score1.08
Rank#183  Overall
#84  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.datomic.comgoogle.github.io/­lovefieldgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
gitee.com/­opengauss
opengauss.org
virtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mddocs.nebula-graph.iodocs.opengauss.org/­en
gitee.com/­opengauss/­docs
docs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperCognitectGoogleVesoft Inc.Huawei and openGauss communityOpenLink Software
Initial release20122014201920191998
Current release1.0.6735, June 20232.1.12, February 20173.0, March 20227.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open SourceOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava, ClojureJavaScriptC++C, C++, JavaC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariLinuxLinuxAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesStrong typed schemayesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternSQL-like query languageANSI SQL 2011yes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIBrowser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
JavaScript.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
C
C++
Java
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction Functionsnouser defined functionsyesyes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersBy using transaction functionsUsing read-only observersyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnoneShardinghorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash)yes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnoneCausal Clustering using Raft protocolSource-replica replicationChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infoRelationships in graphsyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyes infousing RocksDByesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyes infousing MemoryDByesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnonoRole-based access controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
DatomicLovefieldNebulaGraphopenGaussVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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DatomicLovefieldNebulaGraphopenGaussVirtuoso
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