DBMS > Datomic vs. H2 vs. SAP HANA vs. SQLite vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. H2 vs. SAP HANA vs. SQLite vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.66
Rank	#144	Overall
	#66	Relational DBMS

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	44.27
Rank	#23	Overall
	#16	Relational DBMS

Score	111.41
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.datomic.com

www.h2database.com

www.sap.com/products/hana.html

www.sqlite.org

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

docs.datomic.com

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

help.sap.com/hana

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Cognitect

Thomas Mueller

SAP

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2012

2005

2010

2000

2019

Current release

1.0.7075, December 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

2.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023

3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

Open Source

Public Domain

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

also available as a cloud based service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java, Clojure

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Appliance or cloud-service

server-less

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

dynamic column types

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

Clojure
Java

Java

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transaction Functions

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

SQLScript, R

Triggers

By using transaction functions

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

none

yes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

none

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

via file-system locks

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

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