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DBMS > Datomic vs. H2 vs. KairosDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RavenDB

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. H2 vs. KairosDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RavenDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonKairosDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Distributed Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra or H2Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document Database
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score0.62
Rank#239  Overall
#20  Time Series DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score2.92
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Websitewww.datomic.comwww.h2database.comgithub.com/­kairosdb/­kairosdbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerravendb.net
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlkairosdb.github.iodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerravendb.net/­docs
DeveloperCognitectThomas MuellerMicrosoftHibernating Rhinos
Initial release20122005201320192010
Current release1.0.6735, June 20232.2.220, July 20231.2.2, November 2018cloud service with continuous releases5.4, July 2022
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava, ClojureJavaJavaC#
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language (RQL)
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIJDBC
ODBC
Graphite protocol
HTTP REST
Telnet API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
JavaJava
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction FunctionsJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes
TriggersBy using transaction functionsyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnoneSharding infobased on CassandraSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseselectable replication factor infobased on Cassandrayes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Default ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnonoACID, Cluster-wide transaction available
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardsimple password-based access controlAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAuthorization levels configured per client per database

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More resources
DatomicH2KairosDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerRavenDB
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