DBMS > Datomic vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TypeDB vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TypeDB vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

TypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language

Cloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS

Often described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.

Relational DBMS

Column oriented

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.66
Rank	#144	Overall
	#66	Relational DBMS

Score	3.25
Rank	#91	Overall
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#4	RDF stores

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.70
Rank	#230	Overall
	#20	Graph DBMS
	#106	Relational DBMS

Score	10.06
Rank	#42	Overall
	#26	Relational DBMS

Website

www.datomic.com

www.ontotext.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

typedb.com

www.vertica.com

Technical documentation

docs.datomic.com

graphdb.ontotext.com/documentation

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

typedb.com/docs

vertica.com/documentation

Social network pages

Developer

Cognitect

Ontotext

Microsoft

Vaticle

OpenText

previously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard

Initial release

2012

2000

1989

2016

2005

Current release

1.0.6735, June 2023

10.4, October 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

2.26.3, January 2024

12.0.3, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

limited edition free

commercial

Some plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

GPL Version 3, commercial licenses available

commercial

Limited community edition free

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

on-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java, Clojure

Java

C++

Java

C++

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes

yes

Yes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

yes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes

yes

No Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.

SQL

Support of SQL

stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC

yes

Full 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API

GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)

ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL

character-based, interactive, front-end utility

Supported programming languages

Clojure
Java

.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transaction Functions

well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences

Triggers

By using transaction functions

yes

yes, called Custom Alerts

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

by using Cassandra

horizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Multi-source replication

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Multi-source replication

by using Cassandra

Multi-source replication

One, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

by using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper

Bi-directional Spark integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Constraint checking

yes

substituted by the relationship feature

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

User concepts

Access control

Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

at REST API level; other APIs in progress

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
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TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
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Deploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
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Competitive advantages

GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
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TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
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Fast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
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Typical application scenarios

Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
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Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
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Communication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
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Key customers

GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
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Abiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
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Market metrics

GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
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Licensing and pricing models

GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
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Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
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Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
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News

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Migrating From LPG to RDF Graph Model
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