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DBMS > Datomic vs. GraphDB vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. GraphDB vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.High performance Time Series DBMSMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSTypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#91  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score7.71
Rank#49  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.70
Rank#230  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#106  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.datomic.comwww.ontotext.comkx.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-servertypedb.com
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationcode.kx.comlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-servertypedb.com/­docs
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperCognitectOntotextKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcMicrosoftVaticle
Initial release201220002000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 200319892016
Current release1.0.7075, December 202310.4, October 20233.6, May 2018SQL Server 2022, November 20222.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freecommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercial infofree 32-bit versioncommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava, ClojureJavaqC++Java
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'yesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnostored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCSQL-like query language (q)yesno
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIGeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction Functionswell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityuser defined functionsTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javano
TriggersBy using transaction functionsnoyes infowith viewsyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnonehorizontal partitioningtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationSharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersMulti-source replicationSource-replica replicationyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingnoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoConstraint checkingyesyesno infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnoDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.rights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
DatomicGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMKdbMicrosoft SQL ServerTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
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Integrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more
TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
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Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
provides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
» more
TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
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Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
tick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
» more
Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Goldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
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Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
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kdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
upon request
» more
Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
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