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DBMS > Datomic vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Firestore  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformCloud Firestore is an auto-scaling document database for storing, syncing, and querying data for mobile and web apps. It offers seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud Platform products.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeDocument storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score4.47
Rank#76  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score7.85
Rank#51  Overall
#8  Document stores
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.datomic.comcloud.google.com/­datastorefirebase.google.com/­products/­firestorewww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsfirebase.google.com/­docs/­firestorewww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperCognitectGoogleGooglePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2012200820171989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release1.0.6735, June 202316.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava, ClojureC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedhostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes, details hereyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query language (GQL)noyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Android
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction Functionsusing Google App Engineyes, Firebase Rules & Cloud Functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersBy using transaction functionsCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyes, with Cloud Functionsyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersMulti-source replication using PaxosMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud DataflowUsing Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsyesACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnono
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management. Security Rules for 3rd party authentication using Firebase Auth.fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DatomicGoogle Cloud DatastoreGoogle Cloud FirestorePostgreSQL
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