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DBMS > Datomic vs. FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.datomic.comgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbgithub.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comapple.github.io/­foundationdbgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperCognitectFoundationDBGoogleMicrosoft
Initial release2012201320112016
Current release1.0.7075, December 20236.2.28, November 20201.23, February 2021
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava, ClojureC++C++C++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesnonoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnosupported in specific SQL layer onlynoyes
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction Functionsin SQL-layer onlynoTransact SQL
TriggersBy using transaction functionsnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingnoneSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyesnoneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoin SQL-layer onlynono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and development
User concepts infoAccess controlnononoyes

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DatomicFoundationDBLevelDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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