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DBMS > Datomic vs. FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. LMDB

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. FoundationDB vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. LMDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database library
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Websitewww.datomic.comgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.h2database.comhsqldb.orgwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdb
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comapple.github.io/­foundationdbwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlwww.lmdb.tech/­doc
DeveloperCognitectFoundationDBThomas MuellerSymas
Initial release20122013200520012011
Current release1.0.6735, June 20236.2.28, November 20202.2.220, July 20232.7.2, June 20230.9.32, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava, ClojureC++JavaJavaC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinux
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnosupported in specific SQL layer onlyyesyesno
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIJDBC
ODBC
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
JavaAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction Functionsin SQL-layer onlyJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsJava, SQLno
TriggersBy using transaction functionsnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingnonenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoin SQL-layer onlyyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
DatomicFoundationDBH2HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBLMDB
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