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DBMS > Datomic vs. Firebolt vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Lovefield vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. Firebolt vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Lovefield vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonFirebolt  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityHighly scalable cloud data warehouse and analytics product infoForked from ClickhouseGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score1.90
Rank#134  Overall
#62  Relational DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.datomic.comwww.firebolt.iocloud.google.com/­bigtablegoogle.github.io/­lovefieldvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comdocs.firebolt.iocloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mddocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperCognitectFirebolt Analytics Inc.GoogleGoogleOpenLink Software
Initial release20122020201520141998
Current release1.0.6735, June 20232.1.12, February 20177.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava, ClojureJavaScriptC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedhostedserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesnoSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP API.Net
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaScript.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction Functionsnononoyes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersBy using transaction functionsnonoUsing read-only observersyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingnoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersdepending on storage layerInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesnoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic single-row operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnoyes infousing MemoryDByes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)noFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
DatomicFireboltGoogle Cloud BigtableLovefieldVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
DatomicFireboltGoogle Cloud BigtableLovefieldVirtuoso
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