DBMS > Datomic vs. Firebird vs. Ingres vs. Tkrzw

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. Firebird vs. Ingres vs. Tkrzw

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Firebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBase

Well established RDBMS

A concept of libraries, allowing an application program to store and query key-value pairs in a file. Successor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.59
Rank	#150	Overall
	#69	Relational DBMS

Score	20.82
Rank	#30	Overall
	#18	Relational DBMS

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#60	Key-value stores

Website

www.datomic.com

www.firebirdsql.org

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

dbmx.net/tkrzw

Technical documentation

docs.datomic.com

www.firebirdsql.org/en/reference-manuals

docs.actian.com/ingres

Developer

Cognitect

Firebird Foundation

Actian Corporation

Mikio Hirabayashi

Initial release

2012

2000

As fork of Borland's InterBase

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2020

Current release

1.0.6735, June 2023

5.0.0, January 2024

11.2, May 2022

0.9.3, August 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

Initial Developer's Public License

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java, Clojure

C and C++

C++

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less

Firebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC

Jaybird
ODBC
OLE DB

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

Supported programming languages

Clojure
Java

C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

C++
Java
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transaction Functions

PSQL

yes

Triggers

By using transaction functions

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

none

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Source-replica replication

Ingres Replicator

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Features a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writers

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

using specific database classes

User concepts

Access control

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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