DBMS > Datomic vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. H2 vs. LevelDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. H2 vs. LevelDB vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.59
Rank	#150	Overall
	#69	Relational DBMS

Score	14.29
Rank	#39	Overall
	#6	Document stores

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.datomic.com

firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database

www.h2database.com

github.com/google/leveldb

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

docs.datomic.com

firebase.google.com/docs/database

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Cognitect

Google

acquired by Google 2014

Thomas Mueller

Google

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2012

2005

2011

2019

Current release

1.0.6735, June 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

1.23, February 2021

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

limited edition free

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java, Clojure

Java

C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API

Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

Clojure
Java

Java
JavaScript
Objective-C

Java

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transaction Functions

limited functionality with using 'rules'

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

By using transaction functions

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

none

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

if the client is offline
Immediate Consistency

if the client is online

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes, based on authentication and database rules

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

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