DBMS > Datomic vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Graph Engine vs. H2 vs. Oracle NoSQL

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Graph Engine vs. H2 vs. Oracle NoSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.

A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engine

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.66
Rank	#144	Overall
	#66	Relational DBMS

Score	13.64
Rank	#39	Overall
	#6	Document stores

Score	0.67
Rank	#232	Overall
	#21	Graph DBMS
	#34	Key-value stores

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	3.05
Rank	#97	Overall
	#17	Document stores
	#16	Key-value stores
	#50	Relational DBMS

Website

www.datomic.com

firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database

www.graphengine.io

www.h2database.com

www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql

Technical documentation

docs.datomic.com

firebase.google.com/docs/database

www.graphengine.io/docs/manual

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html

Developer

Cognitect

Google

acquired by Google 2014

Microsoft

Thomas Mueller

Oracle

Initial release

2012

2010

2005

2011

Current release

1.0.7075, December 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

24.1, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

limited edition free

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java, Clojure

.NET and C

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

.NET

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

optional

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API

Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

Clojure
Java

Java
JavaScript
Objective-C

C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic

Java

C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transaction Functions

limited functionality with using 'rules'

yes

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

By using transaction functions

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

horizontal partitioning

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

if the client is offline
Immediate Consistency

if the client is online

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

ACID

configurable

ACID within a storage node (=shard)

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

optional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storage

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

off heap cache

User concepts

Access control

yes, based on authentication and database rules

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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