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DBMS > Datomic vs. DuckDB vs. KeyDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. DuckDB vs. KeyDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonKeyDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSAn ultra-fast, open source Key-value store fully compatible with Redis API, modules, and protocolsFully managed big data interactive analytics platformNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score0.70
Rank#229  Overall
#32  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.94
Rank#197  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.datomic.comduckdb.orggithub.com/­Snapchat/­KeyDB
keydb.dev
azure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-database
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comduckdb.org/­docsdocs.keydb.devdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdoc.nuodb.com
DeveloperCognitectEQ Alpha Technology Ltd.MicrosoftDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.
Initial release20122018201920192013
Current release1.0.7075, December 20231.0.0, June 2024cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoBSD-3commercialcommercial infolimited edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava, ClojureC++C++C++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMserver-lessLinuxhostedhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyespartial infoSupported data types are strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets, bit arrays, hyperloglogs and geospatial indexesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoby using the Redis Search moduleall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol infoRESP - REdis Serialization ProtocoMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Crystal
D
Dart
Elixir
Erlang
Fancy
Go
Haskell
Haxe
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Pascal
Perl
PHP
Prolog
Pure Data
Python
R
Rebol
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Swift
Tcl
Visual Basic
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction FunctionsnoLuaYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava, SQL
TriggersBy using transaction functionsnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicedata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infoManaged transparently by NuoDB
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong eventual consistency with CRDTs
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDOptimistic locking, atomic execution of commands blocks and scriptsnoACID infotunable commit protocol
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes infoMVCC
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes infoConfigurable mechanisms for persistency via snapshots and/or operations logsyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyesyesnoyes infoTemporary table
User concepts infoAccess controlnonosimple password-based access control and ACLAzure Active Directory AuthenticationStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

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More resources
DatomicDuckDBKeyDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNuoDB
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