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DBMS > Datomic vs. Dgraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. Dgraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used RDBMSRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.47
Rank#145  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score1.34
Rank#157  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score799.81
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1317.01
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score0.82
Rank#208  Overall
#7  RDF stores
Websitewww.datomic.comdgraph.iowww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.oracle.com/­databaserdf4j.org
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comdgraph.io/­docslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databaserdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperCognitectDgraph Labs, Inc.MicrosoftOracleSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release20122016198919802004
Current release1.0.7180, July 2024SQL Server 2022, November 202223c, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageJava, ClojureGoC++C and C++Java
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyesyes infowith proprietary extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction FunctionsnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleyes
TriggersBy using transaction functionsnoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyestables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationSharding, horizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersSynchronous replication via Raftyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono infocan be realized in PL/SQLno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyesyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'
User concepts infoAccess controlnono infoPlanned for future releasesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
DatomicDgraphMicrosoft SQL ServerOracleRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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