DBMS > Datomic vs. Dgraph vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. RocksDB

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. Dgraph vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. RocksDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene

Elasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metric

Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.66
Rank	#144	Overall
	#66	Relational DBMS

Score	1.53
Rank	#152	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	132.83
Rank	#7	Overall
	#1	Search engines

Score	4.36
Rank	#72	Overall
	#12	Document stores

Score	3.41
Rank	#86	Overall
	#11	Key-value stores

Website

www.datomic.com

dgraph.io

www.elastic.co/elasticsearch

cloud.google.com/datastore

rocksdb.org

Technical documentation

docs.datomic.com

dgraph.io/docs

www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html

cloud.google.com/datastore/docs

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

Developer

Cognitect

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Elastic

Google

Facebook, Inc.

Initial release

2012

2016

2010

2008

2013

Current release

1.0.7075, December 2023

8.6, January 2023

9.2.1, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Elastic License

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java, Clojure

Java

C++

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, details here

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

SQL-like query language (GQL)

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

C++ API
Java API

Supported programming languages

Clojure
Java

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transaction Functions

yes

using Google App Engine

Triggers

By using transaction functions

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

yes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Synchronous replication via Raft

yes

Multi-source replication using Paxos

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

ES-Hadoop Connector

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration

Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

Memcached and Redis integration

yes

User concepts

Access control

Planned for future releases

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

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