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DBMS > Datomic vs. Derby vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Ingres

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. Derby vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Ingres

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonDerby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDB  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMSGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Well established RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score4.60
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score3.80
Rank#82  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.datomic.comdb.apache.org/­derbydgraph.iocloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingres
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comdb.apache.org/­derby/­manuals/­index.htmldgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.actian.com/­ingres
DeveloperCognitectApache Software FoundationDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleActian Corporation
Initial release20121997201620151974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s
Current release1.0.7075, December 202310.17.1.0, November 202311.2, May 2022
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava, ClojureJavaGoC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnonono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesnonoyes
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIJDBCGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
JavaC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction FunctionsJava Stored Proceduresnonoyes
TriggersBy using transaction functionsyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnoneyesShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersSource-replica replicationSynchronous replication via RaftInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesIngres Replicator
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDAtomic single-row operationsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoMVCC
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DatomicDerby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDBDgraphGoogle Cloud BigtableIngres
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