DBMS > Cubrid vs. HyperSQL vs. Immudb vs. Lovefield vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Cubrid vs. HyperSQL vs. Immudb vs. Lovefield vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

CUBRID is an open-source SQL-based relational database management system with object extensions for OLTP

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.20
Rank	#169	Overall
	#78	Relational DBMS

Score	3.49
Rank	#87	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS

Score	0.24
Rank	#305	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

cubrid.com (korean)
cubrid.org (english)

hsqldb.org

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

google.github.io/lovefield

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

cubrid.org/manuals

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

docs.immudb.io

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

CUBRID Corporation, CUBRID Foundation

Codenotary

Google

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2008

2001

2020

2014

2004

Current release

11.0, January 2021

2.7.2, June 2023

1.2.3, April 2022

2.1.12, February 2017

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

based on BSD license

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C, C++, Java

Java

JavaScript

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like syntax

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

JavaScript

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures

Java, SQL

yes

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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