DBMS > Cubrid vs. Hawkular Metrics vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Cubrid vs. Hawkular Metrics vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Stardog

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name	Cubrid  Xexclude from comparison	Hawkular Metrics  Xexclude from comparison	Microsoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison	Stardog  Xexclude from comparison
Description	CUBRID is an open-source SQL-based relational database management system with object extensions for OLTP	Hawkular metrics is the metric storage of the Red Hat sponsored Hawkular monitoring system. It is based on Cassandra.	Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform	Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database model	Relational DBMS	Time Series DBMS	Relational DBMS column oriented	Graph DBMS RDF store
Secondary database models			Document store If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell Event Store this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps) Spatial DBMS Search engine support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine Time Series DBMS see docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems Trend Chart	Score 1.04 Rank #187   Overall #87   Relational DBMS	Score 0.08 Rank #366   Overall #39   Time Series DBMS	Score 3.80 Rank #81   Overall #43   Relational DBMS	Score 2.07 Rank #122   Overall #11   Graph DBMS #6   RDF stores
Website	cubrid.com (korean) cubrid.org (english)	www.hawkular.org	azure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer	www.stardog.com
Technical documentation	cubrid.org/­manuals	www.hawkular.org/­hawkular-metrics/­docs/­user-guide	docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer	docs.stardog.com
Developer	CUBRID Corporation, CUBRID Foundation	Community supported by Red Hat	Microsoft	Stardog-Union
Initial release	2008	2014	2019	2010
Current release	11.0, January 2021		cloud service with continuous releases	7.3.0, May 2020
License Commercial or Open Source	Open Source Apache Version 2.0	Open Source Apache 2.0	commercial	commercial 60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service	no	no	yes	no
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Implementation language	C, C++, Java	Java		Java
Server operating systems	Linux Windows	Linux OS X Windows	hosted	Linux macOS Windows
Data scheme	yes	schema-free	Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)	schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing predefined data types such as float or date	yes	yes	yes bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types	yes
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.	no	no	yes	no Import/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexes	yes	no	all fields are automatically indexed	yes supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL Support of SQL	yes	no	Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset	Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methods	ADO.NET JDBC ODBC OLE DB	HTTP REST	Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS) RESTful HTTP API	GraphQL query language HTTP API Jena RDF API OWL RDF4J API Sesame REST HTTP Protocol SNARL SPARQL Spring Data Stardog Studio TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages	C C# C++ Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Ruby	Go Java Python Ruby	.Net Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PowerShell Python R	.Net Clojure Groovy Java JavaScript Python Ruby
Server-side scripts Stored procedures	Java Stored Procedures	no	Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R	user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggers	yes	yes via Hawkular Alerting	yes see docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy	yes via event handlers
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes	none	Sharding based on Cassandra	Sharding Implicit feature of the cloud service	none
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes	Source-replica replication	selectable replication factor based on Cassandra	yes Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.	Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods	no	no	Spark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark	no
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system	Immediate Consistency	Eventual Consistency based on Cassandra Immediate Consistency based on Cassandra	Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency	Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys Referential integrity	yes	no	no	yes relationships in graphs
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data	ACID	no	no	ACID
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data	yes	yes	yes	yes
Durability Support for making data persistent	yes	yes	yes	yes
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.	no	no	no	yes
User concepts Access control	fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard	no	Azure Active Directory Authentication	Access rights for users and roles
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More resources
	Cubrid	Hawkular Metrics	Microsoft Azure Data Explorer	Stardog
Recent citations in the news		Waiting for Red Hat OpenShift 4.0? Too late, 4.1 has already arrived… • DEVCLASS 5 June 2019, DevClass provided by Google News	We’re retiring Azure Time Series Insights on 7 July 2024 – transition to Azure Data Explorer | Azure updates 31 May 2024, azure.microsoft.com Update records in a Kusto Database (public preview) | Azure updates 20 February 2024, azure.microsoft.com Public Preview: Azure Data Explorer connector for Apache Flink | Azure updates 8 January 2024, azure.microsoft.com Announcing General Availability to migrate Virtual Network injected Azure Data Explorer Cluster to Private Endpoints ... 5 February 2024, azure.microsoft.com New Features for graph-match KQL Operator: Enhanced Pattern Matching and Cycle Control | Azure updates 24 January 2024, azure.microsoft.com provided by Google News

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