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DBMS > Cubrid vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison Cubrid vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TerminusDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCubrid  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionCUBRID is an open-source SQL-based relational database management system with object extensions for OLTPOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerScalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.20
Rank#169  Overall
#78  Relational DBMS
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score0.17
Rank#325  Overall
#29  Graph DBMS
Websitecubrid.com (korean)
cubrid.org (english)
github.com/­apple/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsterminusdb.com
Technical documentationcubrid.org/­manualsapple.github.io/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#
DeveloperCUBRID Corporation, CUBRID FoundationFoundationDBGoogleMicrosoftDataChemist Ltd.
Initial release20082013201720162018
Current release11.0, January 20216.2.28, November 202011.0.0, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC, C++, JavaC++C++Prolog, Rust
Server operating systemsLinux
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedhostedLinux
Data schemeyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyessupported in specific SQL layer onlyyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesSQL-like query language (WOQL)
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
Java
PHP
JavaScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Proceduresin SQL-layer onlynoTransact SQLyes
Triggersyesnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningGraph Partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationyesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yesJournaling Streams
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesin SQL-layer onlyyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoin-memory journaling
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yesRole-based access control

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More resources
CubridFoundationDBGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist
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