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DBMS > Cubrid vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HyperSQL

System Properties Comparison Cubrid vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HyperSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCubrid  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCUBRID is an open-source SQL-based relational database management system with object extensions for OLTPDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDB
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.20
Rank#169  Overall
#78  Relational DBMS
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Websitecubrid.com (korean)
cubrid.org (english)
dgraph.iocloud.google.com/­bigtablecloud.google.com/­spannerhsqldb.org
Technical documentationcubrid.org/­manualsdgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.html
DeveloperCUBRID Corporation, CUBRID FoundationDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleGoogle
Initial release20082016201520172001
Current release11.0, January 20212.7.2, June 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infobased on BSD license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC, C++, JavaGoJava
Server operating systemsLinux
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedhostedAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnonoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored ProceduresnononoJava, SQL
Triggersyesnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyesShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationSynchronous replication via RaftInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDAtomic single-row operationsACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
CubridDgraphGoogle Cloud BigtableGoogle Cloud SpannerHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB
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