DBMS > CrateDB vs. Milvus vs. Neo4j vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Weaviate
System Properties Comparison CrateDB vs. Milvus vs. Neo4j vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Weaviate
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| Name | CrateDB Xexclude from comparison | Milvus Xexclude from comparison | Neo4j Xexclude from comparison | Oracle Berkeley DB Xexclude from comparison | Weaviate Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Distributed Database based on Lucene | A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searches | Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings | Widely used in-process key-value store | An AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Document store Spatial DBMS Search engine Time Series DBMS Vector DBMS | Vector DBMS | Graph DBMS | Key-value store  supports sorted and unsorted key setsNative XML DBMS in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version | Vector DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | cratedb.com | milvus.io | neo4j.com | www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html | github.com/weaviate/weaviate weaviate.io | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | cratedb.com/docs | milvus.io/docs/overview.md | neo4j.com/docs | docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html | weaviate.io/developers/weaviate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Crate | Neo4j, Inc. | Oracle originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle | Weaviate B.V. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2013 | 2019 | 2007 | 1994 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 2.3.4, January 2024 | 5.19, April 2024 | 18.1.40, May 2020 | 1.19, May 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source | Open Source Apache Version 2.0 | Open Source GPL version3, commercial licenses available | Open Source commercial license available | Open Source commercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform. | Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus | Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Implementation language | Java | C++, Go | Java, Scala | C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition) | Go | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator support | Linux macOS 10.14 or laterWindows with WSL 2 enabled | Linux Can also be used server-less as embedded Java database. OS X Solaris Windows | AIX Android FreeBSD iOS Linux OS X Solaris VxWorks Windows | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free) | schema-free and schema-optional | schema-free | yes, maps to GraphQL interface | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | Vector, Numeric and String | yes | no | yes string, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | yes only with the Berkeley DB XML edition | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | no | yes pluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene | yes | yes all data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | yes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibility | no | no | yes SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available | GraphQL is used as query language | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC PostgreSQL wire protocol Prometheus Remote Read/Write RESTful HTTP API | RESTful HTTP API | Bolt protocol Cypher query language Java API Neo4j-OGM Object Graph MapperRESTful HTTP API Spring Data Neo4j TinkerPop 3 | GraphQL query language RESTful HTTP/JSON API | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | .NET Erlang Go community maintained clientJava JavaScript (Node.js) community maintained clientPerl community maintained clientPHP Python R Ruby community maintained clientScala community maintained client | C++ Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) Python | .Net Clojure Elixir Go Groovy Haskell Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby Scala | .Net Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET others Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languagesC C# C++ Java JavaScript (Node.js) 3rd party bindingPerl Python Tcl | JavaScript / TypeScript Python | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | user defined functions (Javascript) | no | yes User defined Procedures and Functions | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | no | yes via event handler | yes only for the SQL API | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | Sharding | yes using Neo4j Fabric | none | Sharding | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Configurable replication on table/partition-level | Causal Clustering using Raft protocol available in in Enterprise Version only | Source-replica replication | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency Read-after-write consistency on record level | Bounded Staleness Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency Session Consistency Tunable Consistency | Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode | Eventual Consistency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | no | yes Relationships in graphs | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | no unique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategy | no | ACID | ACID | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | yes | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | rights management via user accounts | Role based access control and fine grained access rights | Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos) | no | API Keys OpenID Connect Discovery | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CrateDB | Milvus | Neo4j | Oracle Berkeley DB | Weaviate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific characteristics | The enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native... » more | Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready... » more | Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale... » more | Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Competitive advantages | Response time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling... » more | Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch... » more | Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely... » more | Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typical application scenarios | IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics... » more | RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication.... » more | Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network... » more | As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key customers | Across all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most... » more | Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,... » more | Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers... » more | All companies that have data. » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market metrics | The CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®... » more | As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations 3k+ enterprise... » more | Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million... » more | As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licensing and pricing models | See CrateDB pricing > » more | Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed... » more | GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial... » more | Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| News | This Week in Neo4j: GraphRAG, Testcontainers, Metadata Management, App Dev and more Creating the GQL Database Language Standard This Week in Neo4j: GraphRAG, Knowledge Graphs, Open Source AI, GraphQL and more This Week in Neo4j: Nodes 2024, Data Modelling, Events, Knowledge Graphs and more GQL is Here: Your Cypher Queries in a GQL World | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| CrateDB | Milvus | Neo4j | Oracle Berkeley DB | Weaviate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | Vector databases | Applying Graph Analytics to Game of Thrones MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking The openCypher Project: Help Shape the SQL for Graphs | Weaviate, an ANN Database with CRUD support CrateDB Appoints Sergey Gerasimenko as New CTO CrateDB Announces Availability of CrateDB on Google Cloud Marketplace CrateDB Partners with HiveMQ to Deliver a Seamless Data Management Architecture for IoT How We Designed CrateDB as a Realtime SQL DBMS for the Internet of Things Crate.io unboxes clustered SQL CrateDB, decamps to California provided by Google News How NVIDIA GPU Acceleration Supercharged Milvus Vector Database AI-Powered Search Engine With Milvus Vector Database on Vultr Zilliz Unveils Game-Changing Features for Vector Search Milvus 2.4 Unveils Game-Changing Features for Enhanced Vector Search IBM watsonx.data’s integrated vector database: unify, prepare, and deliver your data for AI provided by Google News Neo4j Empowers Syracuse University with $250K Grant to Tackle Misinformation in 2024 Elections Neo4j Announces Collaboration with Microsoft to Advance GenAI and Data Solutions USA - English - India - English Using Neo4j’s graph database for AI in Azure Neo4j Is Planning IPO on Nasdaq, Largest Owner Greenbridge Says Neo4j CTO says new Graph Query Language standard will have 'massive ripple effects' provided by Google News ACM recognizes far-reaching technical achievements with special awards EC will investigate the Oracle/Sun takeover due to concerns about MySQL Database Trends Report: SQL Beats NoSQL, MySQL Most Popular -- ADTmag A Quick Look at Open Source Databases for Mobile App Development Motorola A780 Linux based smartphone to have mobile database provided by Google News Build enterprise-ready generative AI solutions with Cohere foundation models in Amazon Bedrock and Weaviate vector ... Weaviate Partners with Snowflake to Bring Secure GenAI to Snowpark Container Services Getting Started with Weaviate: A Beginner's Guide to Search with Vector Databases Weaviate Raises $50 Million Series B Funding to Meet Soaring Demand for AI Native Vector Database Technology ... The 5 Best Vector Databases You Must Try in 2024 provided by Google News | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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