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DBMS > CrateDB vs. Immudb vs. InfinityDB vs. LeanXcale vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison CrateDB vs. Immudb vs. InfinityDB vs. LeanXcale vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonInfinityDB  Xexclude from comparisonLeanXcale  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed Database based on LuceneAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.A Java embedded Key-Value Store which extends the Java Map interfaceA highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilitiesVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Key-value storeKey-value storeKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.73
Rank#224  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#8  Vector DBMS
Score0.24
Rank#305  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Score0.00
Rank#378  Overall
#57  Key-value stores
Score0.29
Rank#291  Overall
#41  Key-value stores
#132  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitecratedb.comgithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
boilerbay.comwww.leanxcale.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationcratedb.com/­docsdocs.immudb.ioboilerbay.com/­infinitydb/­manualdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperCrateCodenotaryBoiler Bay Inc.LeanXcaleOpenLink Software
Initial release20132020200220151998
Current release1.2.3, April 20224.07.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.
Implementation languageJavaGoJavaC
Server operating systemsAll Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supportBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
All OS with a Java VMAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)schema-freeyes infonested virtual Java Maps, multi-value, logical ‘tuple space’ runtime Schema upgradeyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoall Java primitives, Date, CLOB, BLOB, huge sparse arraysyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesno infomanual creation possible, using inversions based on multi-value capabilityyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilitySQL-like syntaxnoyes infothrough Apache Derbyyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Access via java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentNavigableMap Interface
Proprietary API to InfinityDB ItemSpace (boilerbay.com/­docs/­ItemSpaceDataStructures.htm)
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaC
Java
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions (Javascript)nonoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelnoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency infoREAD-COMMITTED or SERIALIZEDImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonono infomanual creation possible, using inversions based on multi-value capabilityyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategyACIDACID infoOptimistic locking for transactions; no isolation for bulk loadsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlrights management via user accountsnoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
CrateDBImmudbInfinityDBLeanXcaleVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsThe enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesResponse time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenarios​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersAcross all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsThe CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsSee CrateDB pricing >
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
CrateDBImmudbInfinityDBLeanXcaleVirtuoso
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