DBMS > CrateDB vs. GraphDB vs. H2 vs. SAP HANA vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison CrateDB vs. GraphDB vs. H2 vs. SAP HANA vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed Database based on Lucene

Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service

High-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.

Primary database model

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.71
Rank	#227	Overall
	#37	Document stores
	#5	Spatial DBMS
	#16	Search engines
	#19	Time Series DBMS
	#8	Vector DBMS

Score	3.25
Rank	#91	Overall
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#4	RDF stores

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	44.27
Rank	#23	Overall
	#16	Relational DBMS

Score	2.63
Rank	#109	Overall
	#53	Relational DBMS

Website

cratedb.com

www.ontotext.com

www.h2database.com

www.sap.com/products/hana.html

www.yugabyte.com

Technical documentation

cratedb.com/docs

graphdb.ontotext.com/documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

help.sap.com/hana

docs.yugabyte.com
github.com/yugabyte/yugabyte-db

Social network pages

Developer

Crate

Ontotext

Thomas Mueller

SAP

Yugabyte Inc.

Initial release

2013

2000

2005

2010

2017

Current release

10.4, October 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

2.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023

2.19, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

commercial

Some plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

also available as a cloud based service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.

YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.

Implementation language

Java

C and C++

Server operating systems

All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator support

All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Appliance or cloud-service

Linux
OS X

Data scheme

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes

yes

depending on used data model

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

yes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibility

stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC

yes

yes, PostgreSQL compatible

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API

GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL

Supported programming languages

.NET
Erlang
Go

community maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

community maintained client
Perl

community maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

community maintained client
Scala

community maintained client

.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Java

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions (Javascript)

well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

SQLScript, R

yes

sql, plpgsql, C

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

yes

Hash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Configurable replication on table/partition-level

Multi-source replication

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

Based on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level

Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)

Immediate Consistency

Strong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Constraint checking

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

unique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategy

ACID

Distributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

based on RocksDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

rights management via user accounts

Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

The enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
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Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
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YugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
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Competitive advantages

Response time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
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GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more

PostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
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Typical application scenarios

IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more

Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
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Systems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
» more

Key customers

Across all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
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GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
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Market metrics

The CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
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GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
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2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

See CrateDB pricing >
» more

GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more

Apache 2.0 license for the database
» more

News

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31 May 2024

A Triple Store RAG Retriever
29 May 2024

Integrating GraphDB with Relational Database Systems
23 May 2024

Understanding the Graph Center of Excellence
17 May 2024

Migrating From LPG to RDF Graph Model
8 May 2024

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