DBMS > CrateDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. OpenTenBase vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison CrateDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. OpenTenBase vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Distributed Database based on Lucene

Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform

An enterprise-level distributed HTAP open source database based on PostgreSQL

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Document store

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Document store

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.67
Rank	#225	Overall
	#37	Document stores
	#5	Spatial DBMS
	#17	Search engines
	#19	Time Series DBMS
	#16	Vector DBMS

Score	3.62
Rank	#71	Overall
	#12	Document stores

Score	0.00
Rank	#385	Overall
	#157	Relational DBMS

Score	674.32
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	0.20
Rank	#314	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

cratedb.com

cloud.google.com/datastore

github.com/OpenTenBase/OpenTenBase
www.opentenbase.org

www.postgresql.org

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

cratedb.com/docs

cloud.google.com/datastore/docs

docs.opentenbase.org
docs.opentenbase.org/en

www.postgresql.org/docs

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Crate

Google

OpenAtom Foundation, previously Tencent

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2013

2008

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2019

Current release

5.8.1, August 2024

2.5, January 2024

16.4, August 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD-3

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.

Implementation language

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator support

hosted

Linux

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, details here

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibility

SQL-like query language (GQL)

yes

standard with numerous extensions

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

.NET
Erlang
Go

community maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

community maintained client
Perl

community maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

community maintained client
Scala

community maintained client

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
Go
Java
PHP
Python

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions (Javascript)

using Google App Engine

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Configurable replication on table/partition-level

Multi-source replication using Paxos

yes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration

Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

unique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategy

ACID

Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

rights management via user accounts

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.