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DBMS > CrateDB vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. OpenTSDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

System Properties Comparison CrateDB vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. OpenTSDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonOpenTSDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionDistributed Database based on LuceneOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Scalable Time Series DBMS based on HBaseWidely used in-process key-value store
Primary database modelDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSTime Series DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.71
Rank#227  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#8  Vector DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score1.68
Rank#142  Overall
#12  Time Series DBMS
Score2.01
Rank#126  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Websitecratedb.comgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spanneropentsdb.netwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.html
Technical documentationcratedb.com/­docsapple.github.io/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsopentsdb.net/­docs/­build/­html/­index.htmldocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.html
DeveloperCrateFoundationDBGooglecurrently maintained by Yahoo and other contributorsOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle
Initial release20132013201720111994
Current release6.2.28, November 202018.1.40, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoLGPLOpen Source infocommercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.
Implementation languageJavaC++JavaC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)
Server operating systemsAll Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supportLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
Windows
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Data schemeFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)schema-free infosome layers support schemasyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesnumeric data for metrics, strings for tagsno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML edition
Secondary indexesyesnoyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilitysupported in specific SQL layer onlyyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is available
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API
Telnet API
Supported programming languages.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Erlang
Go
Java
Python
R
Ruby
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions (Javascript)in SQL-layer onlynonono
Triggersnonononoyes infoonly for the SQL API
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingSharding infobased on HBasenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelyesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.selectable replication factor infobased on HBaseSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Linearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency infobased on HBase
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoin SQL-layer onlyyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategyACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlrights management via user accountsnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nono
More information provided by the system vendor
CrateDBFoundationDBGoogle Cloud SpannerOpenTSDBOracle Berkeley DB
Specific characteristicsThe enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
» more
Competitive advantagesResponse time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
» more
Typical application scenarios​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more
Key customersAcross all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
» more
Market metricsThe CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsSee CrateDB pricing >
» more

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More resources
CrateDBFoundationDBGoogle Cloud SpannerOpenTSDBOracle Berkeley DB
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