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DBMS > CrateDB vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. LeanXcale vs. Lovefield

System Properties Comparison CrateDB vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. LeanXcale vs. Lovefield

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonLeanXcale  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionDistributed Database based on LuceneOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilitiesEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript
Primary database modelDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.71
Rank#227  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#8  Vector DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score0.36
Rank#280  Overall
#40  Key-value stores
#129  Relational DBMS
Score0.33
Rank#286  Overall
#131  Relational DBMS
Websitecratedb.comgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.leanxcale.comgoogle.github.io/­lovefield
Technical documentationcratedb.com/­docsapple.github.io/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.md
DeveloperCrateFoundationDBGoogleLeanXcaleGoogle
Initial release20132013201720152014
Current release6.2.28, November 20202.1.12, February 2017
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.
Implementation languageJavaC++JavaScript
Server operating systemsAll Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supportLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari
Data schemeFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)schema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilitysupported in specific SQL layer onlyyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infothrough Apache DerbySQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder pattern
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector
Supported programming languages.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
Java
Scala
JavaScript
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions (Javascript)in SQL-layer onlynono
TriggersnononoUsing read-only observers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelyesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Linearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoin SQL-layer onlyyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategyACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes infousing MemoryDB
User concepts infoAccess controlrights management via user accountsnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)no
More information provided by the system vendor
CrateDBFoundationDBGoogle Cloud SpannerLeanXcaleLovefield
Specific characteristicsThe enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
» more
Competitive advantagesResponse time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
» more
Typical application scenarios​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more
Key customersAcross all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
» more
Market metricsThe CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsSee CrateDB pricing >
» more

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More resources
CrateDBFoundationDBGoogle Cloud SpannerLeanXcaleLovefield
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