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DBMS > CrateDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. Neo4j vs. OrientDB vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison CrateDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. Neo4j vs. OrientDB vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed Database based on LuceneA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Search engineGraph DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
RDF store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.73
Rank#224  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#8  Vector DBMS
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score3.19
Rank#93  Overall
#16  Document stores
#7  Graph DBMS
#14  Key-value stores
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitecratedb.comwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchneo4j.comorientdb.orgrdf4j.org
Technical documentationcratedb.com/­docswww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlneo4j.com/­docswww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmlrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperCrateElasticNeo4j, Inc.OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release20132010200720102004
Current release8.6, January 20235.19, April 20243.2.29, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen SourceOpen Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJavaJavaJava, ScalaJavaJava
Server operating systemsAll Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supportAll OS with a Java VMLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)schema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-free and schema-optionalschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilitySQL-like query languagenoSQL-like query language, no joinsno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languages.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions (Javascript)yesyes infoUser defined Procedures and FunctionsJava, Javascriptyes
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyes infovia event handlerHooksyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingyes using Neo4j FabricShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelyesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyMulti-source replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoES-Hadoop Connectornono infocould be achieved with distributed queriesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Eventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoRelationships in graphsyes inforelationship in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategynoACIDACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noMemcached and Redis integration
User concepts infoAccess controlrights management via user accountsUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurableno
More information provided by the system vendor
CrateDBElasticsearchNeo4jOrientDBRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
Specific characteristicsThe enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
» more
Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesResponse time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
» more
Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenarios​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersAcross all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
» more
Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsThe CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
» more
Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsSee CrateDB pricing >
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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