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DBMS > Coveo vs. FoundationDB vs. Milvus vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Coveo vs. FoundationDB vs. Milvus vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCoveo  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionAI-powered hosted search, recommendation and personalization platform providing tools for both low-code and full-code developmentOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelSearch engineDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Vector DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.14
Rank#116  Overall
#11  Search engines
Score0.97
Rank#191  Overall
#32  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#87  Relational DBMS
Score3.01
Rank#89  Overall
#4  Vector DBMS
Score3.99
Rank#75  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#40  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.coveo.comgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbmilvus.iovirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.coveo.comapple.github.io/­foundationdbmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mddocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperCoveoFoundationDBOpenLink Software
Initial release2012201320191998
Current release6.2.28, November 20202.4.4, May 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
Implementation languageC++C++, GoC
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemehybrid - fields need to be configured prior to indexing, but relationships can be exploited at query time without pre-configurationschema-free infosome layers support schemasyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingVector, Numeric and Stringyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesnonoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnosupported in specific SQL layer onlynoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIRESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC#
Java
JavaScript
Python
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoin SQL-layer onlynoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardingShardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesin SQL-layer onlynoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayesACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlgranular access controls, API key management, content filtersnoRole based access control and fine grained access rightsFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
CoveoFoundationDBMilvusVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsMilvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesHighly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosRAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersMilvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsAs of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMilvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
CoveoFoundationDBMilvusVirtuoso
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