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DBMS > CouchDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Google Cloud Spanner

System Properties Comparison CouchDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Google Cloud Spanner

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.
Primary database modelDocument storeSearch engineDocument storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extensionDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.30
Rank#47  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score132.83
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score4.36
Rank#72  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Websitecouchdb.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchcloud.google.com/­datastorecloud.google.com/­spanner
Technical documentationdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stablewww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerElasticGoogleGoogle
Initial release2005201020082017
Current release3.3.3, December 20238.6, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoElastic Licensecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageErlangJava
Server operating systemsAndroid
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhostedhosted
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyes, details hereyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyes infovia viewsyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query languageSQL-like query language (GQL)yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP/JSON APIJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresView functions in JavaScriptyesusing Google App Engineno
Triggersyesyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0ShardingShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yesMulti-source replication using PaxosMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesES-Hadoop Connectoryes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflow
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoatomic operations within a single document possiblenoACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACID infoStrict serializable isolation
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noMemcached and Redis integrationnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

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More resources
CouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"ElasticsearchGoogle Cloud DatastoreGoogle Cloud Spanner
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