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DBMS > CouchDB vs. Dgraph vs. MarkLogic vs. Neo4j vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison CouchDB vs. Dgraph vs. MarkLogic vs. Neo4j vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMSOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelDocument storeGraph DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Graph DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score9.30
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Websitecouchdb.apache.orgdgraph.iowww.marklogic.comneo4j.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stabledgraph.io/­docsdocs.marklogic.comneo4j.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerDgraph Labs, Inc.MarkLogic Corp.Neo4j, Inc.8Kdata
Initial release20052016200120072016
Current release3.3.3, December 202311.0, December 20225.19, April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageErlangGoC++Java, ScalaJava
Server operating systemsAndroid
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedschema-free and schema-optionalschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyes infovia viewsyesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyes infoSQL92no
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP/JSON APIGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresView functions in JavaScriptnoyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functions
Triggersyesnoyesyes infovia event handlerno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0yesShardingyes using Neo4j FabricSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Synchronous replication via RaftyesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlySource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACIDACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes, with Range Indexes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseno infoPlanned for future releasesRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Access rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
CouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"DgraphMarkLogicNeo4jToroDB
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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