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DBMS > CouchDB vs. Datomic vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. Vitess

System Properties Comparison CouchDB vs. Datomic vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. Vitess

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonVitess  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBScalable, distributed, cloud-native DBMS, extending MySQL
Primary database modelDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extensionSpatial DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.30
Rank#47  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score0.88
Rank#203  Overall
#95  Relational DBMS
Websitecouchdb.apache.orgwww.datomic.comwww.h2database.comhsqldb.orgvitess.io
Technical documentationdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stabledocs.datomic.comwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlvitess.io/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerCognitectThomas MuellerThe Linux Foundation, PlanetScale
Initial release20052012200520012013
Current release3.3.3, December 20231.0.7075, December 20232.2.220, July 20232.7.2, June 202315.0.2, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageErlangJava, ClojureJavaJavaGo
Server operating systemsAndroid
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesDocker
Linux
macOS
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyes infovia viewsyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyesyesyes infowith proprietary extensions
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP/JSON APIRESTful HTTP APIJDBC
ODBC
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
Clojure
Java
JavaAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresView functions in JavaScriptyes infoTransaction FunctionsJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsJava, SQLyes infoproprietary syntax
TriggersyesBy using transaction functionsyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0none infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnonenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
none infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage engine
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACIDACIDACIDACID at shard level
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engine
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per databasenofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or roles

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More resources
CouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"DatomicH2HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBVitess
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