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DBMS > CouchDB vs. Datomic vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison CouchDB vs. Datomic vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. RDF4J

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRDF store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.30
Rank#47  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitecouchdb.apache.orgwww.datomic.comcloud.google.com/­spannerrdf4j.org
Technical documentationdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stabledocs.datomic.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerCognitectGoogleSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release2005201220172004
Current release3.3.3, December 20231.0.7075, December 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial infolimited edition freecommercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageErlangJava, ClojureJava
Server operating systemsAndroid
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyes infovia viewsyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011no
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP/JSON APIRESTful HTTP APIgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesC
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
Clojure
Java
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresView functions in JavaScriptyes infoTransaction Functionsnoyes
TriggersyesBy using transaction functionsnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0none infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
none infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per databasenoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)no

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More resources
CouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"DatomicGoogle Cloud SpannerRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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