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DBMS > CouchDB vs. Datomic vs. Derby vs. mSQL vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison CouchDB vs. Datomic vs. Derby vs. mSQL vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonDerby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDB  Xexclude from comparisonmSQL infoMini SQL  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.mSQL (Mini SQL) is a simple and lightweight RDBMSVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extensionSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score9.30
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score4.71
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score1.27
Rank#167  Overall
#77  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitecouchdb.apache.orgwww.datomic.comdb.apache.org/­derbyhughestech.com.au/­products/­msqlvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stabledocs.datomic.comdb.apache.org/­derby/­manuals/­index.htmldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerCognitectApache Software FoundationHughes TechnologiesOpenLink Software
Initial release20052012199719941998
Current release3.3.3, December 20231.0.6735, June 202310.17.1.0, November 20234.4, October 20217.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial infofree licenses can be providedOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageErlangJava, ClojureJavaCC
Server operating systemsAndroid
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VMAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnoyes
Secondary indexesyes infovia viewsyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyesA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented infono subqueries, aggregate functions, views, foreign keys, triggersyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP/JSON APIRESTful HTTP APIJDBCJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
Clojure
Java
JavaC
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresView functions in JavaScriptyes infoTransaction FunctionsJava Stored Proceduresnoyes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersyesBy using transaction functionsyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0none infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnonenoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
none infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersSource-replica replicationnoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyesnoyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per databasenofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
CouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"DatomicDerby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDBmSQL infoMini SQLVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
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Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
CouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"DatomicDerby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDBmSQL infoMini SQLVirtuoso
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