DBMS > CockroachDB vs. LevelDB vs. RDF4J vs. Sequoiadb vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. LevelDB vs. RDF4J vs. Sequoiadb vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

NewSQL database with distributed OLTP and SQL

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

RDF store

Document store
Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	6.15
Rank	#55	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	0.45
Rank	#261	Overall
	#41	Document stores
	#122	Relational DBMS

Score	2.02
Rank	#123	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

www.cockroachlabs.com

github.com/google/leveldb

rdf4j.org

www.sequoiadb.com

www.stardog.com

Technical documentation

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

rdf4j.org/documentation

www.sequoiadb.com/en/index.php?m=Files&a=index

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Cockroach Labs

Google

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Sequoiadb Ltd.

Stardog-Union

Initial release

2015

2011

2004

2013

2010

Current release

23.1.1, May 2023

1.23, February 2021

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

Server: AGPL; Client: Apache V2

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
macOS
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

dynamic schema

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

schema-free

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

oid, date, timestamp, binary, regex

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

SQL-like query language

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

proprietary protocol using JSON

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

Java
PHP
Python

.Net
C++
Java
PHP
Python

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using RAFT

none

Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Document is locked during a transaction

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Role-based access control

simple password-based access control

Access rights for users and roles

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