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DBMS > CockroachDB vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Sqrrl

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Sqrrl

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSqrrl  Xexclude from comparison
Sqrrl has been acquired by Amazon and became a part of Amazon Web Services. It has been removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformAdaptable, secure NoSQL built on Apache Accumulo
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score5.73
Rank#58  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score0.31
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.cockroachlabs.comgithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
azure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorersqrrl.com
Technical documentationwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsdocs.immudb.iodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperCockroach LabsCodenotaryMicrosoftAmazon infooriginally Sqrrl Data, Inc.
Initial release2015202020192012
Current release24.1.0, May 20241.2.3, April 2022cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoGoJava
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
hostedLinux
Data schemedynamic schemaschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLSQL-like syntaxKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsJDBCgRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Accumulo Shell
Java API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Actionscript
C infousing GLib
C#
C++
Cocoa
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infomaking use of Hadoop
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using RAFTyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.selectable replication factor infomaking use of Hadoop
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoDocument store kept consistent with combination of global timestamping, row-level transactions, and server-side consistency resolution.
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoAtomic updates per row, document, or graph entity
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlRole-based access controlAzure Active Directory AuthenticationCell-level Security, Data-Centric Security, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)

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More resources
CockroachDBImmudbMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSqrrl
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