DBMS > CockroachDB vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. LeanXcale vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. LeanXcale vs. Weaviate

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilities

An AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Vector DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	6.15
Rank	#55	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	3.49
Rank	#87	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#291	Overall
	#41	Key-value stores
	#132	Relational DBMS

Score	1.73
Rank	#143	Overall
	#5	Vector DBMS

Website

www.cockroachlabs.com

www.h2database.com

hsqldb.org

www.leanxcale.com

github.com/weaviate/weaviate
weaviate.io

Technical documentation

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

weaviate.io/developers/weaviate

Developer

Cockroach Labs

Thomas Mueller

LeanXcale

Weaviate B.V.

Initial release

2015

2005

2001

2015

2019

Current release

23.1.1, May 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

2.7.2, June 2023

1.19, May 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

based on BSD license

commercial

Open Source

commercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
macOS
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

Data scheme

dynamic schema

yes

yes, maps to GraphQL interface

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

all data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

yes

through Apache Derby

GraphQL is used as query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector

GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

Java

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

C
Java
Scala

JavaScript / TypeScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Java, SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using RAFT

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Role-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

API Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
» more

Competitive advantages

Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
» more

Typical application scenarios

As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
» more

Key customers

All companies that have data.
» more

Market metrics

As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Weaviate, an ANN Database with CRUD support
2 February 2021, Etienne Dilocker, SeMI Technologies (sponsor)

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