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DBMS > CockroachDB vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Splice Machine

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Splice Machine

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Firestore  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSplice Machine  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Cloud Firestore is an auto-scaling document database for storing, syncing, and querying data for mobile and web apps. It offers seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud Platform products.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesFully managed big data interactive analytics platformOpen-Source SQL RDBMS for Operational and Analytical use cases with native Machine Learning, powered by Hadoop and Spark
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score5.73
Rank#58  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score7.36
Rank#53  Overall
#9  Document stores
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.54
Rank#252  Overall
#115  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.cockroachlabs.comfirebase.google.com/­products/­firestoregithub.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorersplicemachine.com
Technical documentationwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsfirebase.google.com/­docs/­firestoregithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorersplicemachine.com/­how-it-works
DeveloperCockroach LabsGoogleGoogleMicrosoftSplice Machine
Initial release20152017201120192014
Current release24.1.0, May 20241.23, February 2021cloud service with continuous releases3.1, March 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availablecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL 3.0, commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++Java
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS
Windows
hostedIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemedynamic schemaschema-freeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLnonoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBCAndroid
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
Native Spark Datasource
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes, Firebase Rules & Cloud FunctionsnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes infoJava
Triggersnoyes, with Cloud Functionsnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShared Nothhing Auto-Sharding, Columnar Partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using RAFTMulti-source replicationnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoUsing Cloud DataflownoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkYes, via Full Spark Integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyesnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRole-based access controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management. Security Rules for 3rd party authentication using Firebase Auth.noAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

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More resources
CockroachDBGoogle Cloud FirestoreLevelDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSplice Machine
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