DBMS > CockroachDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HBase vs. Sequoiadb

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HBase vs. Sequoiadb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTable

NewSQL database with distributed OLTP and SQL

Primary database model

Document store
Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	6.15
Rank	#55	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	4.47
Rank	#76	Overall
	#12	Document stores

Score	2.89
Rank	#103	Overall
	#52	Relational DBMS

Score	30.50
Rank	#26	Overall
	#2	Wide column stores

Score	0.45
Rank	#261	Overall
	#41	Document stores
	#122	Relational DBMS

Website

www.cockroachlabs.com

cloud.google.com/datastore

cloud.google.com/spanner

hbase.apache.org

www.sequoiadb.com

Technical documentation

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

cloud.google.com/datastore/docs

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

hbase.apache.org/book.html

www.sequoiadb.com/en/index.php?m=Files&a=index

Developer

Cockroach Labs

Google

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Powerset

Sequoiadb Ltd.

Initial release

2015

2008

2017

2008

2013

Current release

23.1.1, May 2023

2.3.4, January 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

commercial

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Server: AGPL; Client: Apache V2

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
macOS
Windows

hosted

Linux
Unix
Windows

using Cygwin

Linux

Data scheme

dynamic schema

schema-free

yes

schema-free, schema definition possible

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, details here

yes

options to bring your own types, AVRO

yes

oid, date, timestamp, binary, regex

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

SQL-like query language (GQL)

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift

proprietary protocol using JSON

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

.Net
C++
Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

using Google App Engine

yes

Coprocessors in Java

JavaScript

Triggers

Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Multi-source replication using Paxos

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration

Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

Single row ACID (across millions of columns)

Document is locked during a transaction

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Role-based access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Access Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC

simple password-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

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