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DBMS > CockroachDB vs. Geode vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Postgres-XL vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. Geode vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Postgres-XL vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonGeode  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Geode is a distributed data container, pooling memory, CPU, network resources, and optionally local disk across multiple processesElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score5.73
Rank#58  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score1.86
Rank#134  Overall
#24  Key-value stores
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score0.53
Rank#254  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Score10.06
Rank#42  Overall
#26  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.cockroachlabs.comgeode.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.postgres-xl.orgwww.vertica.com
Technical documentationwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsgeode.apache.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationvertica.com/­documentation
DeveloperCockroach LabsOriginally developed by Gemstone. They outsourced the project to Apache in 2015 but still deliver a commercial version as Gemfire.MicrosoftOpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release2015200220162014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB2005
Current release24.1.0, May 20241.1, February 201710 R1, October 201812.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses available as GemfirecommercialOpen Source infoMozilla public licensecommercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJavaC++CC++
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java VM infothe JDK (8 or later) is also requiredhostedLinux
macOS
Linux
Data schemedynamic schemaschema-freeyesyesYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionalityno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLSQL-like query language (OQL)yesyes infodistributed, parallel query executionFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsJDBCJava Client API
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net
All JVM based languages
C++
Groovy
Java
Scala
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsTransact SQLuser defined functionsyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
Triggersnoyes infoCache Event Listenersnoyesyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTShardingSharding, horizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using RAFTMulti-source replicationyesMulti-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyes, on a single nodeACIDACID infoMVCCACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlRole-based access controlAccess rights per client and object definableyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash
More information provided by the system vendor
CockroachDBGeodeMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostgres-XLVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
Specific characteristicsDeploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
» more
Competitive advantagesFast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
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Typical application scenariosCommunication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
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Key customersAbiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
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Licensing and pricing modelsCost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
» more

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More resources
CockroachDBGeodeMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostgres-XLVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
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