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DBMS > CockroachDB vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. Memcached

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. Memcached

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMemcached  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.In-memory key-value store, originally intended for caching
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score5.73
Rank#58  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score18.08
Rank#32  Overall
#4  Key-value stores
Websitewww.cockroachlabs.comgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.h2database.comwww.memcached.org
Technical documentationwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsapple.github.io/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlgithub.com/­memcached/­memcached/­wiki
DeveloperCockroach LabsFoundationDBGoogleThomas MuellerDanga Interactive infooriginally developed by Brad Fitzpatrick for LiveJournal
Initial release20152013201720052003
Current release24.1.0, May 20246.2.28, November 20202.2.220, July 20231.6.27, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoBSD license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC++JavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemedynamic schemaschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBCgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java.Net
C
C++
ColdFusion
Erlang
Java
Lisp
Lua
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoin SQL-layer onlynoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsno
Triggersnononoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTShardingShardingnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using RAFTyesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenone infoRepcached, a Memcached patch, provides this functionallity
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesin SQL-layer onlyyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesno
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRole-based access controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infousing SASL (Simple Authentication and Security Layer) protocol

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CockroachDBFoundationDBGoogle Cloud SpannerH2Memcached
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