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DBMS > CockroachDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Greenplum vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Greenplum vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonGreenplum  Xexclude from comparisonLokiJS  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Analytic Database platform built on PostgreSQL. Full name is Pivotal Greenplum Database infoA logical database in Greenplum is an array of individual PostgreSQL databases working together to present a single database image.In-memory JavaScript DBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score6.15
Rank#55  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score14.29
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score8.37
Rank#48  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score0.43
Rank#264  Overall
#42  Document stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.cockroachlabs.comfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasegreenplum.orggithub.com/­techfort/­LokiJSazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasedocs.greenplum.orgtechfort.github.io/­LokiJSdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperCockroach LabsGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014Pivotal Software Inc.Microsoft
Initial release20152012200520142019
Current release23.1.1, May 20237.0.0, September 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Sourcecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJavaScript
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS
Windows
hostedLinuxserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)hosted
Data schemedynamic schemaschema-freeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infosince Version 4.2noyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infovia viewsall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLnoyesnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBCAndroid
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
JavaScript APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
C
Java
Perl
Python
R
JavaScript.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnolimited functionality with using 'rules'yesView functions in JavaScriptYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
TriggersnoCallbacks are triggered when data changesyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using RAFTSource-replica replicationnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate ConsistencynoneEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyesACIDno infoatomic operations within a single collection possibleno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoSerialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.yes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlRole-based access controlyes, based on authentication and database rulesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
CockroachDBFirebase Realtime DatabaseGreenplumLokiJSMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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