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DBMS > CockroachDB vs. Dgraph vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HarperDB

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. Dgraph vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HarperDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonHarperDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSSearch engineKey-value store
Wide column store
Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score6.15
Rank#55  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score0.55
Rank#248  Overall
#38  Document stores
Websitewww.cockroachlabs.comdgraph.iowww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchcloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.harperdb.io
Technical documentationwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsdgraph.io/­docswww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.harperdb.io/­docs
DeveloperCockroach LabsDgraph Labs, Inc.ElasticGoogleHarperDB
Initial release20152016201020152017
Current release23.1.1, May 20238.6, January 20233.1, August 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoElastic Licensecommercialcommercial infofree community edition available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoGoJavaNode.js
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
OS X
Data schemedynamic schemaschema-freeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-freedynamic schema
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes infoJSON data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexednoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLnoSQL-like query languagenoSQL-like data manipulation statements
APIs and other access methodsJDBCGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyesnoCustom Functions infosince release 3.1
Triggersnonoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTyesShardingShardingA table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a cluster
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using RAFTSynchronous replication via RaftyesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyes infothe nodes on which a table resides can be defined
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoES-Hadoop Connectoryesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoAtomic single-row operationsAtomic execution of specific operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, using LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noMemcached and Redis integrationnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRole-based access controlno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users and roles

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More resources
CockroachDBDgraphElasticsearchGoogle Cloud BigtableHarperDB
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