DBMS > CockroachDB vs. Derby vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. Derby vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Key-value store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	6.15
Rank	#55	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	4.71
Rank	#69	Overall
	#37	Relational DBMS

Score	14.29
Rank	#39	Overall
	#6	Document stores

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Website

www.cockroachlabs.com

db.apache.org/derby

firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database

github.com/google/leveldb

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

Technical documentation

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

db.apache.org/derby/manuals/index.html

firebase.google.com/docs/database

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

Developer

Cockroach Labs

Apache Software Foundation

Google

acquired by Google 2014

Google

Microsoft

Initial release

2015

1997

2012

2011

2014

Current release

23.1.1, May 2023

10.17.1.0, November 2023

1.23, February 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
macOS
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Data scheme

dynamic schema

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

SQL

Support of SQL

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

yes

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

Java

Java
JavaScript
Objective-C

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures

limited functionality with using 'rules'

JavaScript

Triggers

yes

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

JavaScript

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Source-replica replication

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

if the client is offline
Immediate Consistency

if the client is online

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Role-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes, based on authentication and database rules

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

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