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DBMS > CockroachDB vs. Datomic vs. FoundationDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. Datomic vs. FoundationDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score5.73
Rank#58  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.cockroachlabs.comwww.datomic.comgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsdocs.datomic.comapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperCockroach LabsCognitectFoundationDBMicrosoft
Initial release2015201220132016
Current release24.1.0, May 20241.0.7075, December 20236.2.28, November 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availablecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoJava, ClojureC++C++
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemedynamic schemayesschema-free infosome layers support schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesno infosome layers support typingyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLnosupported in specific SQL layer onlyyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBCRESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Clojure
Java
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoTransaction Functionsin SQL-layer onlyTransact SQL
TriggersnoBy using transaction functionsnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using RAFTnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersyesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoin SQL-layer onlyno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and development
User concepts infoAccess controlRole-based access controlnonoyes

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More resources
CockroachDBDatomicFoundationDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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