DBMS > CockroachDB vs. Datomic vs. Derby vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SpaceTime

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. Datomic vs. Derby vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SpaceTime

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

SpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Spatial DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	5.73
Rank	#58	Overall
	#34	Relational DBMS

Score	1.66
Rank	#144	Overall
	#66	Relational DBMS

Score	4.60
Rank	#70	Overall
	#38	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.03
Rank	#392	Overall
	#8	Spatial DBMS

Website

www.cockroachlabs.com

www.datomic.com

db.apache.org/derby

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.mireo.com/spacetime

Technical documentation

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

docs.datomic.com

db.apache.org/derby/manuals/index.html

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

Developer

Cockroach Labs

Cognitect

Apache Software Foundation

Microsoft

Mireo

Initial release

2015

2012

1997

1989

2020

Current release

24.1.0, May 2024

1.0.7075, December 2023

10.17.1.0, November 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

Java, Clojure

Java

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
macOS
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

dynamic schema

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

yes

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

RESTful HTTP API

JDBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

Clojure
Java

Java

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C#
C++
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transaction Functions

Java Stored Procedures

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

By using transaction functions

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Fixed-grid hypercubes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using RAFT

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Source-replica replication

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Real-time block device replication (DRBD)

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

User concepts

Access control

Role-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

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