DBMS > ClickHouse vs. Lovefield vs. NebulaGraph vs. ScyllaDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison ClickHouse vs. Lovefield vs. NebulaGraph vs. ScyllaDB vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering.

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

Cassandra and DynamoDB compatible wide column store

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Time Series DBMS

Key-value store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	15.55
Rank	#38	Overall
	#23	Relational DBMS

Score	0.33
Rank	#286	Overall
	#131	Relational DBMS

Score	2.23
Rank	#116	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	4.08
Rank	#76	Overall
	#5	Wide column stores

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

clickhouse.com

google.github.io/lovefield

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

www.scylladb.com

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

clickhouse.com/docs

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

docs.nebula-graph.io

docs.scylladb.com

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Clickhouse Inc.

Google

Vesoft Inc.

ScyllaDB

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2016

2014

2019

2015

2019

Current release

v24.4.1.2088-stable, May 2024

2.1.12, February 2017

ScyllaDB Open Source 5.4.1, January 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

Open Source

Open Source (AGPL), commercial license available

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

ClickHouse Cloud: Get the performance you love from open source ClickHouse in a serverless offering that takes care of the details so you can spend more time getting insight out of the fastest database on earth.
Aiven for Clickhouse: Managed cloud data warehousing with high-speed analytics.
DoubleCloud: Fully managed ClickHouse alongside best-in-class managed open-source services to build analytics at scale.

Scylla Cloud: Create real-time applications that run at global scale with Scylla Cloud, the industry’s most powerful NoSQL DBaaS

Implementation language

C++

JavaScript

C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Linux

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

Strong typed schema

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

yes

cluster global secondary indices

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

Close to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions)

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

SQL-like query language

SQL-like DML and DDL statements (CQL)

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

gRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MySQL wire protocol
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Proprietary protocol

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

Proprietary protocol (CQL)

compatible with CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible)
Thrift

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

3rd party library
C++
Elixir

3rd party library
Go

3rd party library
Java

3rd party library
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party library
Kotlin

3rd party library
Nim

3rd party library
Perl

3rd party library
PHP

3rd party library
Python

3rd party library
R

3rd party library
Ruby

3rd party library
Rust
Scala

3rd party library

JavaScript

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

For CQL interface: C#, C++, Clojure, Erlang, Go, Haskell, Java, JavaScript, Node.js, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Rust, Scala
For DynamoDB interface: .Net, ColdFusion, Erlang, Groovy, Java, JavaScript, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

yes, Lua

Triggers

Using read-only observers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

key based and custom

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Asynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages.

none

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Tunable Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

using RocksDB

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

yes

in-memory tables

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication.

Role-based access control

Access rights for users can be defined per object

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
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ScyllaDB is engineered to deliver predictable performance at scale. It’s adopted...
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Competitive advantages

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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Highly-performant (efficiently utilizes full resources of a node and network; millions...
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Typical application scenarios

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more

ScyllaDB is ideal for applications that require high throughput and low latency at...
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Key customers

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
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Discord, Epic Games, Expedia, Zillow, Comcast, Disney+ Hotstar, Samsung, ShareChat,...
» more

Market metrics

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
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ScyllaDB typically offers ~75% total cost of ownership savings, with ~5X higher throughput...
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Licensing and pricing models

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

ScyllaDB Open Source - free open source software (AGPL) ScyllaDB Enterprise - subscription-based...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.