DBMS > ClickHouse vs. etcd vs. FoundationDB vs. GraphDB vs. InfluxDB

System Properties Comparison ClickHouse vs. etcd vs. FoundationDB vs. GraphDB vs. InfluxDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

A high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering.

A distributed reliable key-value store

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.

DBMS for storing time series, events and metrics

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Time Series DBMS

Spatial DBMS

with GEO package

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	16.34
Rank	#38	Overall
	#23	Relational DBMS

Score	7.25
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	1.03
Rank	#190	Overall
	#31	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#89	Relational DBMS

Score	3.32
Rank	#91	Overall
	#6	Graph DBMS
	#4	RDF stores

Score	25.83
Rank	#28	Overall
	#1	Time Series DBMS

Website

clickhouse.com

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

github.com/apple/foundationdb

www.ontotext.com

www.influxdata.com/products/influxdb-overview

Technical documentation

clickhouse.com/docs

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

apple.github.io/foundationdb

graphdb.ontotext.com/documentation

docs.influxdata.com/influxdb

Social network pages

Developer

Clickhouse Inc.

FoundationDB

Ontotext

Initial release

2016

2013

2000

2013

Current release

v24.4.1.2088-stable, May 2024

3.4, August 2019

6.2.28, November 2020

10.4, October 2023

2.7.6, April 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Some plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced

Open Source

MIT-License; commercial enterprise version available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

DoubleCloud: Fully managed ClickHouse alongside best-in-class managed open-source services to build analytics at scale.
ClickHouse Cloud: Get the performance you love from open source ClickHouse in a serverless offering that takes care of the details so you can spend more time getting insight out of the fastest database on earth.
Aiven for Clickhouse: Managed cloud data warehousing with high-speed analytics.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X

through Homebrew

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

some layers support schemas

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

some layers support typing

yes

Numeric data and Strings

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

yes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes

SQL

Support of SQL

Close to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions)

supported in specific SQL layer only

stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

gRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MySQL wire protocol
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Proprietary protocol

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1

HTTP API
JSON over UDP

Supported programming languages

3rd party library
C++
Elixir

3rd party library
Go

3rd party library
Java

3rd party library
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party library
Kotlin

3rd party library
Nim

3rd party library
Perl

3rd party library
PHP

3rd party library
Python

3rd party library
R

3rd party library
Ruby

3rd party library
Rust
Scala

3rd party library

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

in SQL-layer only

well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility

Triggers

yes, watching key changes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

key based and custom

Sharding

none

Sharding

in enterprise version only

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Asynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages.

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

yes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication factor

in enterprise version only

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Linearizable consistency

Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

in SQL-layer only

yes

Constraint checking

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Depending on used storage engine

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication.

Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.

simple rights management via user accounts

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
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InfluxData is the creator of InfluxDB , the open source time series database. It...
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Competitive advantages

GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
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Time to Value InfluxDB is available in all the popular languages and frameworks,...
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Typical application scenarios

Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
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IoT & Sensor Monitoring Developers are witnessing the instrumentation of every available...
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Key customers

GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
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InfluxData has more than 1,900 paying customers, including customers include MuleSoft,...
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Market metrics

GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
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Fastest-growing database to drive 27,500 GitHub stars Over 750,000 daily active instances
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Licensing and pricing models

GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
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Open source core with closed source clustering available either on-premise or on...
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