DBMS > Citus vs. Postgres-XL vs. PostgreSQL vs. Quasardb vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Postgres-XL vs. PostgreSQL vs. Quasardb vs. SurrealDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Distributed, high-performance timeseries database

A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Time Series DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.21
Rank	#118	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	0.49
Rank	#256	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Score	645.54
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	0.14
Rank	#332	Overall
	#29	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.86
Rank	#203	Overall
	#34	Document stores
	#18	Graph DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

docs.citusdata.com

www.postgres-xl.org/documentation

www.postgresql.org/docs

doc.quasar.ai/master

surrealdb.com/docs

Developer

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

quasardb

SurrealDB Ltd

Initial release

2010

2014

since 2012, originally named StormDB

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2009

2022

Current release

8.1, December 2018

10 R1, October 2018

16.3, May 2024

3.14.1, January 2024

v1.5.0, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

Open Source

Mozilla public license

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Free community edition, Non-profit organizations and non-commercial usage are eligible for free licenses

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

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Implementation language

C++

Rust

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
macOS

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

integer and binary

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

yes

XML type, but no XML query functionality

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

with tags

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes

distributed, parallel query execution

yes

standard with numerous extensions

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

HTTP API

GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.Net
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R

Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Sharding

consistent hashing

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Source-replica replication with selectable replication factor

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

MVCC

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by using LevelDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Transient mode

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Cryptographically strong user authentication and audit trail

yes, based on authentication and database rules

More information provided by the system vendor

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