DBMS > Citus vs. etcd vs. OrientDB vs. Snowflake vs. YDB

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. etcd vs. OrientDB vs. Snowflake vs. YDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

A distributed fault-tolerant database service, with high availability, scalability, immediate consistency and ACID transactions and providing an Amazon DynamoDB compatible API

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.21
Rank	#118	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	7.25
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	3.19
Rank	#93	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#14	Key-value stores

Score	121.33
Rank	#9	Overall
	#6	Relational DBMS

Score	0.35
Rank	#278	Overall
	#43	Document stores
	#127	Relational DBMS

Website

www.citusdata.com

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

orientdb.org

www.snowflake.com

github.com/ydb-platform/ydb
ydb.tech

Technical documentation

docs.citusdata.com

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

ydb.tech/en/docs

Developer

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Yandex

Initial release

2010

2014

2019

Current release

8.1, December 2018

3.4, August 2019

3.2.29, March 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0; commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

hosted

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

SQL-like query language, no joins

yes

SQL-like query language (YQL)

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible)

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Java, Javascript

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

yes, watching key changes

Hooks

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

yes

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

Multi-source replication

yes

Active-passive shard replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

could be achieved with distributed queries

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationship in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

Access rights defined for Yandex Cloud users

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